Alcohol-impaired drivers responsible for many child passenger deaths

Although all states have tough laws for driving under the influence, many intoxicated driver weave down the nation’s highways and are responsible for many deaths. For example, approximately 1,500 Californians are killed and 30,000 are injured each year as a result of drinking and driving. A new study assessed recent trends and state-specific rates of these deaths. The findings were published online on May 5 in the journal Pediatrics by researchers at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois and the Center for Injury Prevention and Control (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia

Drunk Driving Statistics in the United States

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The study authors note that about 1 in 5 child passenger deaths in the US involves an alcohol-impaired driver; in most cases, it is the child’s own driver. They reviewed a descriptive analysis of 2001–2010 Fatality Analysis Reporting System data for child passengers aged less than 15 years of age who were killed in alcohol-impaired driving crashes. Driver impairment was defined as a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 g/dL or higher.

The investigators found that from 2001to 2010, 2,344 children under the age of 15 years were killed in crashes involving at least one1 alcohol-impaired driver. Among these children, 1.515 (65%) were riding with an impaired driver. On a positive note, annual deaths among children riding with an alcohol-impaired driver decreased by 41% over the study decade. Among the 37 states included in the state-level analysis, Texas (272) and California (135) reported the most children killed while riding with an impaired driver; South Dakota (0.98) and New Mexico (0.86) had the highest annualized child passenger death rates (per 100,000 children). Despite seatbelt laws, most (61%) child passengers of impaired drivers were unrestrained at the time of the crash. In addition, one-third of the impaired drivers did not have a valid driver license.

The authors concluded that alcohol-impaired driving remains a major threat to the safety of child passengers in the US; furthermore, the death usually involves children being driven by impaired drivers. The risk varies significantly between among states. The authors recommended that in order to make further progress, states and communities should consider increased use of effective interventions and efforts aimed specifically at protecting child passengers from impaired drivers.

Many individuals who drive under the influence are not fully aware of the consequences of a DUI conviction. The first offense could easily cost more than $12,000. Estimated costs for first misdemeanor DUI conviction:

· Fine (minimum): $390 or more

· Penalties (typical): $780

· Vehicle tow/storage: $187

· 15-week alcohol education classes: $500

· Victim restitution fund: $100

· DMV licensing re-issue fee: $125

· Booking, fingerprinting, and photo fee: $156

· Auto insurance rate increase: $7,424 over a ten year period

· Attorney fees: $2,500

· Total: $12,162

Additional potential costs:

· Up to 48 hours in jail, possibly more

· Lost work time and wages—or losing your job entirely

· Medical costs

· Vehicle or property damage

· Transportation costs during a 4-month license suspension

· Cost of an ignition interlock device if required by the court

· Other court-imposed fines and fees

· Civil liability

All states define driving with a blood alcohol concentration at or above 0.08 percent as a crime; however, specific laws and penalties vary substantially from state to state. Most states (43) and the District of Columbia impose an administrative license suspension on the first offense. This suspension allows law enforcement to confiscate a driver license for a period of time if he or she fails a chemical test. Most of these states allow limited driving privileges (such as to and from work).

Impaired Driving

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Zitka virus detected in New York

Health officials in New York have reported 3 cases of Zitka virus acquired while traveling to regions rife with the disease carrying mosquitoes. Although there is now a wide swath of countries and tropical islands seriously affected by Zitka infections, including Mexico, the Caribbean and several South American nations, Brazil has been hardest hit, with more than 1.5 million reported cases according the Pan American Health Organizations.

Zika virus is here in New York

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Those at greatest risk are pregnant women, who risk giving birth to still born babies, or those with microcephaly (or small head size) and poorly developed brains. To date Brazil has recorded 3,893 suspected cases of birth defects attributed to Zitka virus. As a result, the country is now recommending that women postpone pregnancies for at least 2-years.

The news could not come at a worse time for the South American nation, which is gearing up to host the Olympics in Rio de Janeiro this summer (technically winter there), August 5-21. In the meantime, the Ministry of Health is continuing to scour the Olympic and Paralympic cites for any breeding grounds for the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that transmit Zitka (as well as chikungunya and dengue diseases). The mosquitoes are also endemic throughout West Africa, the Congo, Southeast Asia and parts of Indonesia.

In the meantime, New York State Health Commissioner Howard Zucker issued a statement saying that despite the diagnoses here, “there is virtually no risk of acquiring Zitka here at this time, as the virus cannot be spread through casual contact with infected people, and this is not mosquito season.” Still, anyone traveling abroad needs to take special precautions to avoid being bitten. At present there is no vaccine against Zitka, and while British scientists are at work trying to develop a means of endowing suicide genes in the mosquitoes that will “kick in before they are able to reproduce,” it will probably take 3-years before the project is successful.

NYC begins fight against the Zika virus

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The next pandemic scare is upon us.

Now that the hysteria regarding the deadly Ebola virus has largely dissipated, another viral threat is bringing new cause for concern. In a CNN report today it was revealed that a disturbing spike in the outbreak of the so called Zika Virus is taking place-- which experts advise is expected to adversely affect the majority of the entire American continent.

Are we prepared for the next pandemic

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During the past several months there has been a rage of Zika epidemics breaking out in many of the countries on the south American continent-- with 21 countries and territories being affected. This includes Brazil which was the first country to report an outbreak back in May 2015. Over the past weekend there have been reports of three British travelers that have been affected by the virus-- as a result of trips to to Columbia, Suriname and Guyana, all of which have been troubled by the disease.

The Zika virus which takes its name from the Zika Forest in Uganda where it was first identified in monkeys in 1947-- is a member of the Flaviviridae family of viruses. The first evidence of human contamination by the Zika virus however, was not discovered until 1954, in Nigeria.

The disease which is spread mainly through mosquitoes, ticks and other Vector Arthropods, causes a mild fever in humans similar to other viral diseases of the the flaviviridae family-- such as Denuge Fever, Yellow Fever, and West Nile disease.

Although on the surface this disease may seem mild in comparison to the devastating effects of the Ebola virus, it has also been linked to Microcephaly-- a condition in newborns which causes an abnormal reduction in head size, due to under development of the brain.

According to a report published today by James Gallagher, (chief Health Editor for the BBC website)-- doctors have described it as a "pandemic in progress", with some of the affected countries advising women to postpone getting pregnant.

The main source of infection is the Aedes mosquito; a species which inhabits the majority of the Americas-- except for Canada and Chile, where the climate is too cold for it to survive.

No vaccine or preventive medication.

At the time of writing there is no known preventative treatment for people infected by the Zika virus, and until more is learned about the virus-- the Center For Disease Control (CDC), is advising what they describe as "an abundance of caution". This especially applies to pregnant women who are strongly advised to postpone any travel plans they may have made to any of the affected countries,

In addition, the upcoming 2016 Olympic games have become a major source for concern, regarding those who will be travelling to Rio de Janeiro this summer. The local Rio organizing committee however have said that since the games will be held during their dry season, there will be far fewer mosquitoes around. The committee also emphasizes, they will be in close liaison with the Brazilian Health Ministry, and will adhere to their strict virus preventative guidelines.

Since mosquito bites are the prime source of infection, it is advisable for everyone to take extra precautions in order to reduce the risk of being bitten-- by avoiding humid places wherever possible, and through the liberal use of insect repellents.

The World Is Not Ready for the Next Pandemic

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Lowering blood pressure for older adults could be lifesaving

Researchers by scientists at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute have concluded that the best lifesaving information for people 50-years old and up is to keep their blood pressure down below levels recommended just a few years ago. While earlier studies issued guidelines suggesting a systolic reading (the high number which measures pressure exerted by the blood while the heart is pumping) of 140 for healthy adults, and 130 for those with diabetes, the new findings state that both should maintain systolic pressure of 120 in order to help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. High blood pressure (aka hypertension) is the leading factor for heart attack stroke and kidney disease. The lower number, or diastolic reading measures the blood pressure when the heart is at rest between beats.

Lowering blood pressure for older adults could be lifesaving

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In fact, it has been shown that high blood pressure over time (not just a single episode) will result in thickening of the arteries,” according to Dr. Richard Schlofmitz, chairman of cardiology at St. Francis Hospital in Flower Hill, NY. He also added that although arteries naturally thicken as people age, hypertension can “exacerbate the problem.”

Although the NHLB Institute study was slated to continue for another year, Dr. Lawrence Fine, chief of clinical applications and prevention said that they decided to close the clinical research project a year ahead of schedule after concluding they had enough information and evidence that proved “treating blood pressure to lower standards in older and high risk patients can be beneficial.”

Note: In addition to arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) hypertension is often precipitated by high cholesterol as well as smoking cigarettes, stress, obesity, high sodium intake, and susbtance abuse (both alcohol and drugs), as well as certain medications (including contraceptives) and high water retention.

New Study on Blood Pressure Lower is Better

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How your diet beats exercise?

A number of weight loss exercises and crash diets are very popular today, as approximately 68.8% of adults are obese in the United States. However, it is not just America that has obesity as one of its most common health concerns, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the world has witnessed “two-fold increase” in obesity since 1980.

Diet beats exercise for weight loss

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Weight loss exercises and diet plans have become the norm for those who want to slim down few inches or want to lose some pounds. Many people firmly believe that exercise is more important to lose weight than diet and one need to shed more calories than what they consume. And which is why many people like the idea of focussing on the weight loss exercises than the diet plans.

As per a published research at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, obese women were studied across twelve months to determine the best way to lose weight; diet or exercise? The research team found that the obese women who were on diet had lost significant amount of weight and inflammatory protein levels in the body compared to those who were in exercise-only routine.

Many lifestyle experts like Bob Harper from “The Biggest Loser” (NBC) believe firmly in the importance of the diet plans in weight loss over exercises. However, nobody is saying exercise for weight loss is ineffective, but focussing on exercise may prove to be insufficient for losing pounds. 

Dr. Robert Lustig, Paediatric Endocrinologist, UCSF Children’s Hospital, Oakland, opines that exercise is good for overall health of an individual while diet plans are better for weight loss.

In recent years, thanks to programs like Michelle Obama’s- Let’s move, America has witnessed a rise in active people, but unfortunately the rise in active people has not reduced the numbers of obesity cases in the country. A meta-analysis of the obesity studies by Desiree C Wilks et al has confirmed the same notion as active children does not mean he/she is lean or not prone to obesity.

However, many intervention types of research like the one conducted by Cook CM et al on physical activity and weight control- shows that an active person can maintain his/her weight and is less likely to gain pounds

The role of exercise in weight loss

·         A study led by D.M Thomas et al, on balance energy analyses showed that active people with active exercise routines had increased intake of calories. Exercise increases the appetite as the calories burned by the body will be replaced by the calorie consumption.

·         Exercise will be beneficial for overall health, but one cannot rely on weight loss exercises solely for long-term weight loss.

·         Weight loss through exercise results in slow metabolism which can be not helpful to lose weight in the long run.

·         As per Dr. Wayne Smith, Co-Director, Medical Weight Management Program, San Jose, majority of the people who try exercising to shed pounds may not be fit enough for intense fitness routines that can result in considerable weight loss.

·         Fitness trainers suggest exercise for weight gain over weight loss as the muscles are heavier than fat weight loss may not be significant enough to lose some pounds.

·         However, customized diet plans coupled with suitable exercise routine can actually work well for losing few pounds.

·         Exercise will be more effective to combat the side effects of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, depression and neurological disorders etc.

Diet plans for weight loss

·         While exercise can slow the rate of metabolism in the body, a customized, nutritious diet can provide the much-needed rest to the metabolism.

·         Counting calories are extremely important for weight loss as a banana with 150 calories is healthier than a bag of potato crackers that also contains 150 calories.

·         Restricted diet that is loaded with necessary nutrition can actually help the overall wellness of an individual. It can also help people to keep away from chronic illnesses and diseases.

·         Those who exercise and drink Gatorade for energy seem to lose less weight because Gatorade is a high-calorie drink. Hence, what we eat is very crucial to losing excess weight.

·         Another benefit of a restricted diet that has scientific backing is the effect on aging process of the body. The dietary intervention has shown to slow the process of aging and it can also protect one from cancer and other disorders.

·         Customized diet plans are much cheaper and easier to follow than just an intense work out session. One can keep moderate exercise routine and an effective diet to achieve weight loss goals.

The better way to lose weight

While eating right and dieting has many benefits, people can combine weight loss exercises like Aerobics, squats, push-ups etc. with suitable diet plans such as high protein/low carb diet, fruit diet and some safe weight loss supplements for better results. Following a fad or crash diet can be dangerous though there are some instant results when it comes to weight loss. Moreover crash diets are extremely dangerous for long-term weight loss.

Conclusion

Exercise is not the only answer for weight loss and the importance of a proper and customized diet cannot be ignored. In fact, diet plans are known to be effective for weight loss in the long run. Exercises are vital for the wellness of an individual, to gain weight and to maintain the weight. On the other hand, diet plans are much better to achieve desired weight loss goals. Alternatively, one can combine exercise and diet for losing pounds.

Diet beats exercise for weight loss

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Drinking carbonated beverages could kill you

It appears that consuming carbonated drinks may be associated with heart attacks. The European Society of Cardiology reported on Sept. 1, 2015, carbonated drinks have been found to be associated with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest which is of cardiac origin. It is implied by the results of this study that limiting the consumption of carbonated beverages may prove to be beneficial for your health.

Drinking Soda Can Kill You

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Principal investigator Professor Keijiro Saku, Dean and professor of cardiology at Fukuoka University in Japan, says a positive correlation has been found between the consumption of soft drinks and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke in some epidemiologic studies. 

It has been observed in other studies that there is a decreased risk and mortality of CVD with consumption of green tea and coffee.

It has been known that there is an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and CVD with consumption of carbonated beverages, or sodas. This study has raised considerations of an association between drinking large quantities of carbonated beverages and fatal CVD or out-of-hospital cardiac arrests which are of cardiac origin.

Professor Saku says that clearly beverage habits may have an impact on risk of fatal CVD.

The University Herald reports that soft drinks have been linked to heart attacks and stroke. Japanese researchers who have discovered this association say that placing a limit on the consumption of carbonated beverages decreases the risk of health problems. Although the association between carbonated beverage consumption and heart attacks has not been found to be causal it remains significant that drinking too much carbonated beverages could harm your health and even cost you your life.

Is Diet Soda Actually Killing You

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Videoconferencing reported to reduce stress among hospitalized children

Frequently, hospitalized patients appreciate visits from friends and relatives; in addition, children may be particularly distressed by the hospital environment and disconnection between loved ones. However, not uncommonly, a visitor will arrive when the patient is off having a procedure, the patient may have limited access for reasons such as isolation policies, or a person simply may not have the time available to make the visit. Patient-visitor contact can be greatly improved with videoconferencing. A new study evaluated how well the technology reduced stress among hospitalized children. The findings were published online on June 30 in the journal Pediatrics.

Virtual visits reduce stress in hospitalized kids

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The study authors explained that Family-Link is a videoconferencing program, which allows hospitalized children and their parents to virtually visit family members and friends using laptops, webcams, and a secure Wi-Fi connection. They assessed the association of Family-Link use on the reduction of stress experienced by children during hospitalization.

The researchers offered Family-Link to pediatric patients who had an expected length of hospitalization of four or more days. They measured the stress levels of hospitalized children at admission and discharge using a previously published Parental Stress Survey. They conducted a statistical analysis to assess the relationship between the use of Family-Link and stress experienced by children during hospitalization.

The study group comprised 367 children: 232 Family-Link users and 135 non–Family-Link users. Using a score matching method, they found that the use of Family-Link was significantly associated with a greater reduction in overall average stress compared with non–Family-Link users among the group of patients who lived closer to the hospital and had shorter lengths of hospitalization. In this group, the overall reduction in stress was 37% greater among Family-Link users than non–Family-Link users.

The authors concluded that the use of videoconferencing by some hospitalized children and families to conduct virtual visits with family and friends outside of the hospital was associated with a larger reduction in stress during hospitalization than those who did not use videoconferencing.

The researchers are affiliated with the University of California Davis Children’s Hospital (Sacramento, California), the Center for Health and Technology, University of California Davis Health System, University of California Davis (Sacramento, California, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine (Irvine, California).

The Doctor Will Skype You Now

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Report 90 percent of children eating too much salt

The great majority of American children -- or 90 percent -- eat far more sodium than is recommended, which puts them at risk for high blood pressure and heart disease later in life, according to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About one in 6 children ages eight to 17 already have high blood pressure.

Child Is Eating Too Much Salt

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In the latest data available on sodium consumption in U.S. children (from 2009-2010), the report shows how much sodium school-age children eat and where it comes from. It also explains the 10 food categories that add the most salt to children’s diets.

A major finding was that children ages six to 18 eat an average of about 3,300 mg of sodium daily in foods before they are salted at the table; the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that children eat a total of less than 2,300 mg of sodium per day. (2,300 mg of sodium equals one teaspoon.) Children with hypertension or diseases such as diabetes should eat even less sodium, or 1, 500 a day.

Most of the salt consumed by the children in the report was found to be in these forms:

Approximately 65 percent of sodium comes from processed foods bought in a store.

Thirteen percent comes from fast food and pizza restaurant foods.

Nine percent comes from foods in the school cafeteria.

Additionally, 43 percent of sodium comes from these 10 food categories:

Pizza

Bread

Rolls

Cold cuts/cured meats

Cheese

Chicken patties/nuggets/tenders

Savory snacks

Sandwiches

Pasta mixed dishes

Mexican mixed dishes

And soups.

The CDC urges parents, caregivers, schools, communities, and places that sell or serve food provide more low-sodium options to children. For example:

Parents can provide more fruits and vegetables, and they can compare nutrition facts labels to choose the lowest sodium options before buying. Avoid processed foods and restaurant foods whenever possible

Places that produce, sell, or serve food can replace sodium with alternatives such as spices, herbs, and vegetables. They can also use lower-sodium brands.

Schools and school districts can buy lower-sodium foods, in the lunchroom and in vending machines and school stores.

Sodium and Kids

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Viagra use may increase risk of melanoma

Most Floridians know that exposure to the sun increases their risk of skin cancers, but until a published report in JAMA: Internal Medicine last week, no one would have imagined that men taking Viagra (sildenafil) could significantly raise their chances of developing melanomas which are potentially the deadliest skin cancer.

Viagra may increase melanoma risk

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Principal investigator Wen-Qing Li, PhD of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston knew that the drug had properties that could target a specific mutation present in about half of melanomas and wondered whether this effect could trigger metastasis (spread) of melanoma cells in the body.

In 2000, Li and colleagues questioned over 25,000 men in the Health Professionals’ Followup Study about their use of Viagra for erectile dysfunction. The average age of the participants was 64.8 years.

When the researchers analyzed the data from 2000 to 2010, they found that after adjusting for known risk factors such as family history or episodes of sunburns, those men who used Viagra were 84% more likely to develop melanomas.

There was no apparent increased risk of developing other skin cancers like basal cell or squamous cell for those men taking Viagra.

There was also no correlation between erectile dysfunction itself and melanoma.

In his comments, Li wrote that “our study cannot prove cause and effect.” He has proposed a longer follow-up study that would include analysis of the dose of Viagra that individuals took and how often.

Of course, now that this study has been published and until there is further research, physicians and patients have the dilemma of how to interpret this information. Probably the best advice is to speak to your doctor before taking Viagra and if you do take it, make sure you have regular skin checks by either your primary physician or a dermatologist.

Viagra may increase the risk of a deadly form of skin cancer

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Exercise reported to improve erectile dysfunction

When Viagra first appeared on the market, many men with erectile dysfunction found that it could lead back in the pencil. However, Viagra and other drugs for erectile dysfunction are expensive and associated with side-effects such as headache and nasal congestion. Now, a new study has found that exercise can improve erectile dysfunction. The study was published in the March edition of The Journal of Sexual Medicine by researchers at Duke University School of Medicine (Durham, NC) and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (Los Angeles, CA).

Exercises to Eliminate Erectile Dysfunction

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The study group comprised 295 men. Their average age was 62 years, and they were all overweight or obese. Approximately one third had diabetes or a history of chest pain or heart attacks. About 75% were current or former smokers. A significant proportion (93) were African-American. The aim of the study was to assess whether exercise is associated with better erectile as well as sexual function in black men and define a minimum exercise level for which better erectile/sexual function could occur.

The men were participants in a study that assessed risk factors for prostate cancer; the study was conducted at the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Exercise and erectile/sexual function were both evaluated by self-reported questionnaires. The men were divided into four exercise groups based on metabolic equivalents (MET) hours per week: less than 3 MET (sedentary);,3–8.9 (mildly active) MET; 9–17.9 (moderately active) MET; and more than 18 (highly active) MET. The relationship between exercise and erectile/sexual function was assessed via statistical analysis.

Erectile/sexual function was defined by the validated Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite sexual assessment, which yielded a sexual function score. Clinically significant better function was defined as half a standard deviation (SD) of 16.5 points.

The researchers found that the average sexual function score was 53 (SD = 33). Higher exercise was associated with a better sexual function score. Of significance, there was no interaction between black race and exercise, which meant that more exercise was associated with better erectile/sexual function regardless of race. Overall, exercise at 18 or more MET hours per week predicted better erectile/sexual function with a clinically significant (17.3-point) higher function. Exercise at lower levels was not statistically or clinically associated with erectile/sexual function.

The authors concluded that among a racially diverse population, exercise at a level of 18 or more MET hours per week is significantly associated with better erectile/sexual function regardless of race.

Erectile dysfunction may improve with exercise

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New study rates, effectiveness, side-effects of erectile dysfunction drugs

A variety of erectile dysfunction drugs are available on the market; however, side-effects and effectiveness differ. A new study evaluated currently available erectile dysfunction drugs in this regard. The study was published in the April edition of the journal European Urology by researchers at the University of Zurich, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, and Maastricht University Medical Center in the Netherlands.

Some drugs can cause unwanted sexual side effects in men

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The authors reviewed 82 studies of the drugs’ effectiveness and 72 studies that assessed side-effects. They compared seven common erectile dysfunction medications, which all belonged to a class of drugs known as phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i’s). They work by inhibiting an enzyme that may reduce the potency of an erection. The investigators reviewed Viagra (sildenafil), Cialis (tadalafil), Levitra (vardenafil), and Stendra (avanafil). In addition, they evaluated Zydena (udenafil), Helleva (lodenafil), and Mvix (mirodenafil), which are only available in other countries.

The aforementioned drugs are considered the first-choice therapy for erectile dysfunction; however they are only effective for 60-80% of men. The authors note that all the medications are more effective than s placebo for treating erectile dysfunction, and are generally safe and well tolerated. A 50 or 100 milligram (mg) dose of Viagra was found to be the most effective treatment. It was approximately 50% better than a placebo. Lower doses were less effective. Stendra, in doses ranging from 50 to 200 mg, was one of the least effective drugs studied; it was only 20-30% more effective than a placebo.

In regard to side-effects, the 50 milligram dose of Stendra was reported to have the lowest rate of side effects among the drugs studied; only 8.5% of the subjects reported side-effects. A 20 mg dose of Levitra had the highest rate of side effects: 25%. Higher doses of Viagra and Cialis caused side effects 21-22% of the time.

One side-effect of erectile dysfunction drugs is that they are vasodilators (blood vessel dilators) that cause a drop in blood pressure. Thus, they are not recommended for men taking nitrate-based heart medications because they can cause a sharp drop in blood pressure. Other common side effects include facial flushing, sinus congestion, headache, and upset stomach. Cialis is the only medication that can be taken daily. It is also reported to reduce the symptoms of benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH; enlarged prostate). The other medications are only effective for a short period of time. Erectile dysfunction drugs require a prescription; thus, which drug to take should be thoroughly discussed with your physician.

Viagra, Cialis, Levitra, and Stendra

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